For two s and air dried. Lastly, the slide was immersed in xylene for ten min and once more air dried. Morphology with the sperms with regards to typical and abnormal shape of the head and tail was analyzed inside the prepared slides and mean data have been recorded.[12] Statistical analysis Ultimately, the results of cell count were statistically analyzed by oneway ANOVA and Duncan post hoc tests working with SPSS computer software and are shown in Table 1 and Figures 13.RESULTSusing the Duncan post hoc test as shown in Table 1 and Figures 13.DISCUSSIONSStudies have shown that males making use of lithium for a extended time suffer from complications for instance reduced steroidogenic activity and decreased efficiency of spermatogenesis course of action.[13] Within a study on a species of Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus), a 35day injection of therapeutic doses of lithium showed destruction of Leydig cells followed by reduction of plasma testosterone level and remarkable reduction of sperm motility and viability in sperm solution.[14] LithiumFigure 1: Percentage of sperm cell motility in groups getting lithium shows a dosedependent reductionThe analysis by oneway ANOVA test showed that mean percentage of motility, quantity, and percentage of normal and abnormal sperm cells were not equal in various groups. The status of experimental groups as well as the handle group to every single other was determinedTable 1: Comparison of mean percentage of motility, number, and percentage of regular and abnormal sperm cells in cauda epididymisPercentage Percentage Total quantity of of sperm of regular sperms in cauda motility D sperms D epididymis D Control 96.Formula of 1310680-47-7 00.89 97.33.21 two.1908715966.24 Lithium carbonate 67.66.21 87.50.55 1.4208881580.43 ten mg/kg BW Lithium carbonate 48.17.43 88.00.89 1.2108750362.31 20 mg/kg BW Lithium carbonate 38.50.59 70.83.43 1.1208488074.92 30 mg/kg BW GroupFigure 2: Percentage of typical sperm cells obtained from cauda epididymis is lowered in treatment with lithiumFigure 3: Number of sperm cells in the cauda epididymis is reduced in experimental groups treated with lithiumAdvanced Biomedical Investigation | July September 2013 | Vol 2 | IssueToghyani, et al.: Lithium carbonate inducing disordersreduces the activity of hypothalamuspituitarygonad axis, and spermatogenesisstimulating hormones. In addition, it affects testicles directly that may possibly lead to profound complications. Because the lithium ion can pass by way of the bloodtestis barrier, it impacts establishing sexual cells and disrupts maturation and release of spermatozoa out of seminiferous epithelium by stopping cell differentiation and growth cycle and consequently reduces the amount of the total sperm count.tert-Butyl but-3-enoate Chemical name [11,13] The results of this study also confirm the function of lithium in reduction of your made sperm, variety of motile sperms, and motility of sperm’s tail and production of abnormal sperms.PMID:35567400 Papanicolaou staining showed sperms with abnormal tail. These benefits agree with all the benefits from the earlier research on the effect of lithium on the function of male reproductive system. Some probable causes for verifying final results of this study is going to be talked about within the following parts [Figures 47].Lithium and Cyclic adenosine mono phosphate Cyclic adenosine mono phosphate (cAMP) molecule binds to cAMPdependent protein kinase enzyme, stimulates dynein protein phosphorylation and slippage of microtubules of flagellum, [15,16] and increases flagellar beat frequency.[17,18] More proof show that the lithium ion reduces sperm motility via inhibiting the activity of cAMP s.
